Hard fork introduces 12 EIPs to improve scalability, lower costs, and strengthen security
Ethereum’s next major network upgrade, Fusaka, is officially scheduled to go live on December 3, 2025, bringing a slate of 12 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) designed to boost scalability, security, and cost-efficiency.
The hard fork will roll out in phases, with the initial Fusaka launch on Dec. 3, followed by two blob-capacity hard forks on Dec. 17, 2025 and Jan. 7, 2026. These changes are set to more than double Ethereum’s current blob capacity, a critical step toward scaling the network for growing layer-2 adoption.
What Fusaka Will Deliver
According to Ethereum researcher Christine D. Kim, Fusaka’s upgrades are focused on enhancing data availability and transaction efficiency:
- Blob scaling: Max blob count will increase to 15 in the first parameter fork (BPO1) and 21 in the second (BPO2).
- Blob-only forks (BPOs): These updates adjust blob parameters without requiring client-side upgrades.
- Layer-2 efficiency: By expanding blob capacity, transaction costs on rollups are expected to decrease significantly.
Ethereum developer community ethPandaOps confirmed that Fusaka includes five planned BPOs to ensure scaling happens gradually and safely.
Why Blobs Matter
Blobs, first introduced in the Dencun upgrade, store large datasets offchain, allowing rollups to process transactions more efficiently.
Since their introduction, blob usage has steadily risen. According to Dune Analytics, the average blob count per block now stands at 5.1, compared to just 0.9 in March 2023.
By more than doubling capacity, Fusaka is expected to ease congestion, reduce fees, and prepare Ethereum for wider DeFi, NFT, and gaming adoption.
Security and Audits
Ahead of the December launch, the Ethereum Foundation has announced a four-week bug bounty program worth $2 million, incentivizing developers to uncover vulnerabilities in the Fusaka codebase.
This move follows the Pectra upgrade in May 2025, which raised staking limits, introduced account abstraction, and optimized layer-2 performance.
Disclaimer
This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or legal advice. Cryptocurrency trading involves risk and may result in financial loss.